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Senna auriculata - Avaram senna

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[[File:Ranawara or Avaram- Senna auriculata at Sindhrot near Vadodara, Gujrat Pix 047.jpg|thumb|right|''Senna auriculata'', ''Avarike'']]
'''Senna auriculata''' is a legume tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is commonly known by its local names '''matura tea tree, ranawara''' or '''avaram'''.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses|Eye diseases}}, {{Uses|Gonorrhea}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Gout}}.
'''Senna auriculata''' is a legume tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is commonly known by its local names '''matura tea tree==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Roots}}, ranawara''' or '''avaram'''{{Parts Used|Bark}}, (Kannada: ಆವರಿಕೆ āvarike, Telugu: తంగేడు taṃgēḍu, Tamil: ஆவாரை āvārai) or the English version avaram senna{{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
It occurs in the dry regions of India and Sri Lanka. It is common along the sea coast and the dry zone in Sri Lanka==Chemical Composition==Seed contains anthraquinones,namely;(aurantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin,obtusin, chrysoobtusin, beta glucoside, physcion, emodin, chrysophanol, obtusifolin, obtusifolin-2-O-beta-D-glucoside, alaternin 2-O-β-Dglucopyranoside)15, brassinosteroids(brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol,teasterone.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
== Description Common names== {{Common names|kn=Avarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=Avarai|te=Taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna is a much branched shrub with smooth cinnamon brown bark and closely pubescent brachlets.}}
The leaves are alternate==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, stipulate, paripinnate compound, very numerousRasa - Taste, closely placed, rachis 8.8Guna -12.5 cm long, narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescentQualities, with an erect linear gland between the leaflets of each pair, leaflets 16Veerya -24Potency, very shortly stalked 2Vipaka -2.5 cm long 1Post-1.3 cm broaddigesion effect, slightly overlapping, oval oblong, obtuseKarma - Pharmacological activity, at both ends, mucronate, glabrous or minutely downy, dull green, paler beneath, stipules very large, reniformPrabhava -rotund, produced at base on side of next petiole into a filliform point and persistentTherepeutics.===Dravya===
Its flowers are irregular, bisexual, bright yellow and large (nearly 5 cm across), the pedicels glabrous and 2.5 cm long. The racemes are few-flowered, short, erect, crowded in axils of upper leaves so as to form a large terminal inflorescence stamens barren; the ovary is superior, unilocular, with marginal ovules.===Rasa===
The fruit is a short legume, 7.5–11 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, oblong, obtuse, tipped with long style base, flat, thin, papery, undulately crimpled, pilose, pale brown. 12-20 seeds per fruit are carried each in its separate cavity.===Guna===
== Uses =Veerya===
*This plant is said to contain a cardiac glucoside (sennapicrin) and sap, leaves and bark yield anthraquinones, while the latter contains tannins.*The root is used in decoctions against fevers, diabetes, diseases of urinary system and constipation. The leaves have laxative properties. *The dried flowers and flower buds are used as a substitute for tea in case of diabetes patients.* In Africa the bark and seeds are said to give relief in rheumatism, eye diseases, gonorrhea, diabetes and gout.===Vipaka===
==Common name=Karma===
* '''English''' - Avaram senna* '''Kannada''' - ಆವರಿಕೆ* '''Hindi''' - तरवड़===Prabhava===
==Habit=={{Habit|Branched shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|alternate|stipulate|The leaves are alternate, stipulate, paripinnate compound, very numerous, closely placed, rachis 8.8-12.5 cm long, narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescent, with an erect linear gland between the leaflets of each pair, leaflets 16-24, very shortly stalked 2-2.5 cm long 1-1.3 cm broad, slightly overlapping, oval oblong, obtuse, at both the ends}}.<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|bisexual|2.5 cm long|bright yellow|5-20|The racemes are few-flowered, short, erect, crowded in axils of upper leaves so as to form a large terminal inflorescence stamens barren; the ovary is superior, unilocular, with marginal ovules.}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|short legume|7.5–11 cm long, 1.5 cm broad|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|oblong, obtuse, tipped with long style base, flat, thin, papery, undulately crimpled, pilose, pale brown.|12-20 seeds}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Plants reach about 3 m height with 3.5 cm stem diameter in 2 years, in 4 years about 5 m height and 7 cm stem diameter. Flowering and fruiting is almost throughout the year, but in India there are usually two main flowering periods, one in the early monsoon and another in the late monsoon.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Dry regions of India}}, {{Commonly seen|Sea coast area}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry zone in Sri Lanka}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 01.JPG(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 02.JPG(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 03.JPG(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 04.JPG(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 05.JPG(Senna auriculata) at kambalakonda 06.JPG</gallery> ==References==<references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.2571&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Pharmacological"]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[http://eol.org/pages/703261/details "morphology"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Senna+auriculata+(L.)+Roxb. "cultivation"]</ref></references> == External Links == * [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Senna+auriculata Senna auriculata on useful trophical plants]*[https://enflorafaunaweb.wikipedianparks.orggov.sg/Special-Pages/plant-detail.aspx?id=6126 Senna auriculata on florafaunaweb.nparks]* [https://wikiherbpathy.com/Senna_auriculata Uses-and-Benefits-of-Cassia-Auriculata-Cid498 Senna auriculataon uses, benefits, side effects]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Repeat plant]]
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