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Difference between revisions of "Atropa belladonna - Suchi, Deadly nightshade"

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{{stub}}
 
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[[File:Atropa Bella-donna3.jpg|thumb|right|''Atropa belladonna'', ''Suchi'']]
 
[[File:Atropa Bella-donna3.jpg|thumb|right|''Atropa belladonna'', ''Suchi'']]
  
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'''Atropa belladonna''' commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine.
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'''Atropa belladonna''' commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.
  
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Colds}}, {{Uses|Hay fever}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Nerve problems}}, {{Uses|Spasms}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}.
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{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Hay fever}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Nerve problems}}, {{Uses|Spasms}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Tops}}
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Tender shoots of alfalfa are reported to contain per 100 g 52 calories, 82.7% moisture, 6 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 3.1 g fiber, 1.4 g ash, 12 mg Ca, 51 mg P, 5.4 mg Fe, 3410 IU Vit A, 0.13 mg thiamine, 0.14 mg riboflavin, 0.5 mg niacin, and 162 mg ascorbic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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hemical Composition.—The chief and most interesting constituent of belladonna is the alkaloid atropine (C17H23NO3) (see Atropina), first obtained in crystalline condition from the root by Mein and from the herb by Geiger and Hesse (Pharmacographia)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=lusarne soppu, vilaayiti hullu|ml=|sa=ashvabala|ta=kutirai macal |te=|hi=lusan ghas|en=Alfalfa, bastard medic}}
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{{Common names|Knlusarne soppu, Vilaayiti hullu|ml=|sa=Suchi|ta=Bellatona, Pelletonacceti|te=|hi=Angur Shefa, Luckmuna|en=Belladonna, Devil's Cherries}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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===Guna===
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===Veerya===
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===Vipaka===
 +
 
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===Karma===
 +
 
 +
===Prabhava===
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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{{Habit|perennial branching herb }}
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|simple|dentate|The leaflets are 5-20 mm long and dentate (toothed) at the apex and sometimes at the base}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|simple|deciduous|Atropa belladonna is deciduous. The leaves are simple. They are ovate}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|pale lavender|2-4cm long|violet|6-12 mm long|The flowers are papilionaceous, typical of species}}
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{{Flower|pale lavender||violet|6-12 mm long|From June to July Atropa belladonna produces solitary pendant auburn flowers that are double and campanulate flowers}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present||seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}}
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{{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present|nil|seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Atropa belladonna is rarely used in gardens, but, when grown, it is usually for its large upright habit and showy berries. Germination of the small seeds is often difficult, due to hard seed coats that cause seed dormancy. Germination takes several weeks under alternating temperature conditions, but can be sped up with the use of gibberellic acid. The seedlings need sterile soil to prevent damping off and resent root disturbance during transplanting.
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Atropa belladonna is rarely used in gardens, but, when grown, it is usually for its large upright habit and showy berries. Germination of the small seeds is often difficult, due to hard seed coats that cause seed dormancy. Germination takes several weeks under alternating temperature conditions, but can be sped up with the use of gibberellic acid. The seedlings need sterile soil to prevent damping off and resent root disturbance during transplanting.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|moisty soil area}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|Moisty soil area}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Lucerne flowers.jpg|''Medicago sativa''
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File:Sýkořice, zvonec.jpg|Flower
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Image:Medicago sativa Alfals006.jpg|''M. sativa''
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File:Atropa-bella-donna Staude 102 b.jpg|Buds
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Image:Medicago sativa 02 bgiu.jpg|''M. sativa''
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File:Atropa belladona eu 76 14062008 1.jpg|Leaves
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Image:Luzerne-600.jpg|''M. sativa''|Image:Medicago-sativa-flowers.jpg|Flowers
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File:Bele-dame Prwaji voye.JPG|Fruits
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Image:YellowPrairieFlower.jpg|Yellow flowers
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Image:VioletPrairieFlower.JPG|Light violet flowers
 
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File:Alfalfa frutos-1.JPG|''M. sativa'' var. ''sativa'', mature fruits
 
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Image:Mesa 002 lhp.jpg|Seeds <small>(actual size ≈2mm)</small>
 
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Image:Scythe_in_lucern_field.jpg|Lucerne field
 
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Image:ARS_Megachile_rotundata.jpg|Bee on alfalfa flower
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Medicago_sativa.html "purdue university"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/atropa.html "botonical information"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30234961-2 "kew science"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Atropa_belladonna "charecteristics"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/n/nighde05.html "cultivation from botany"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/531.html Atropa belladonna on science direct]
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* [http://www.belladonnakillz.com/belladonna-plant-brief-description-of-belladonna.html Atropa belladonna on THE POISON GARDEN website]
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* [http://eol.org/pages/581107/details Atropa belladonna on ayuev Atropa belladonna on ayurveda herns]
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/atropa-belladonnaAtropa belladonna on mmedicinal plants s]
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* [http://www.thepoisongarden.co.uk/atoz/atropa_belladonna.htm Atropa belladonna on description Brief Summary of  Atropa belladonna]
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* [http://www.indianmirror.com/ayurveda/belladona.html  Atropa belladonna on encyclopedea of life]
  
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[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]

Latest revision as of 16:07, 14 May 2019

Atropa belladonna, Suchi

Atropa belladonna commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.

Uses

Arthritis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Asthma, Cold, Hay fever, Hemorrhoids, Motion sickness, Nerve problems, Spasms, Whooping cough.

Parts Used

Leaves, Roots, Tops

Chemical Composition

hemical Composition.—The chief and most interesting constituent of belladonna is the alkaloid atropine (C17H23NO3) (see Atropina), first obtained in crystalline condition from the root by Mein and from the herb by Geiger and Hesse (Pharmacographia)[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada NA
Hindi Angur Shefa, Luckmuna
Malayalam
Tamil Bellatona, Pelletonacceti
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Suchi
English Belladonna, Devil's Cherries


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

perennial branching herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
simple deciduous Atropa belladonna is deciduous. The leaves are simple. They are ovate

.[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
pale lavender violet 6-12 mm long From June to July Atropa belladonna produces solitary pendant auburn flowers that are double and campanulate flowers

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
loose spiral A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present nil seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour 10 to 20 seed {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Stem cutting.

How to plant/cultivate

Atropa belladonna is rarely used in gardens, but, when grown, it is usually for its large upright habit and showy berries. Germination of the small seeds is often difficult, due to hard seed coats that cause seed dormancy. Germination takes several weeks under alternating temperature conditions, but can be sped up with the use of gibberellic acid. The seedlings need sterile soil to prevent damping off and resent root disturbance during transplanting.[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Western Himalayas, Open woodland, Moisty soil area.

Photo Gallery

  • Flower

  • Buds

  • Leaves

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ "botonical information"
  2. ↑ "charecteristics"
  3. ↑ "cultivation from botany"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Atropa_belladonna_-_Suchi,_Deadly_nightshade&oldid=36982"