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'''Atropa belladonna''', commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.

Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine==Uses=={{Uses|Arthritis}}, the same as for atropine{{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Hay fever}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Nerve problems}}, {{Uses|Spasms}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}.

== Description Parts Used== Atropa belladonna is a branching herbaceous perennial, often growing as a subshrub, from a fleshy rootstock. Plants grow to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall with ovate leaves 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long. The bell-shaped flowers are dull purple with green tinges and faintly scented. The fruits are berries, which are green, ripening to a shiny-black{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, and approximately 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) in diameter. The berries are sweet and are consumed by animals (see Toxicity) that disperse the seeds in their droppings{{Parts Used|Roots}}, even though the seeds contain toxic alkaloids. There is a pale-yellow flowering form called Atropa belladonna var. lutea with pale-yellow fruit.{{Parts Used|Tops}}

== Uses Chemical Composition==hemical Composition.—The chief and most interesting constituent of belladonna is the alkaloid atropine (C17H23NO3) (see Atropina), first obtained in crystalline condition from the root by Mein and from the herb by Geiger and Hesse (Pharmacographia)<ref name="chemical composition"/>

*Drops prepared from the belladonna plant were used to dilate women's pupils, an effect considered to be attractive and seductive.==Common names==*Belladonna has been used in herbal medicine for centuries as a pain reliever{{Common names|Knlusarne soppu, muscle relaxerVilaayiti hullu|ml=|sa=Suchi|ta=Bellatona, and anti-inflammatory, and to treat menstrual problems, peptic ulcer disease, histaminic reactionPelletonacceti|te=|hi=Angur Shefa, and motion sickness.<ref nameLuckmuna|en="uses"/>*Belladonna preparations are used in homeopathy as alleged treatments for various conditions.<ref name="uses2"/>, Devil's Cherries}}

==Common nameProperties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===

== References =Guna=== ===Veerya=== ===Vipaka=== ===Karma=== ===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|perennial branching herb }}  ==Identification==<references>===Leaf==={{Leaf|simple|deciduous|Atropa belladonna is deciduous. The leaves are simple. They are ovate}}.<ref name="usesLeaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|pale lavender||violet|6-12 mm long|From June to July Atropa belladonna produces solitary pendant auburn flowers that are double and campanulate flowers}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present|nil|seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[https:Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Stem cutting}}. ==How to plant//medlinepluscultivate==Atropa belladonna is rarely used in gardens, but, when grown, it is usually for its large upright habit and showy berries. Germination of the small seeds is often difficult, due to hard seed coats that cause seed dormancy. Germination takes several weeks under alternating temperature conditions, but can be sped up with the use of gibberellic acid.gov/druginfo/natural/531The seedlings need sterile soil to prevent damping off and resent root disturbance during transplanting.html "belladonna"]</ref><ref name="uses2>[https:How to plant/cultivate"/books> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|Moisty soil area}}.google.co.in/books?id =mMl9vwVDxigC&pg=PA59&lpgPhoto Gallery=PA59&dq=%22deadly+nightshade%22+homeopathic&redir_esc<gallery class=y&hl"left" caption=en "The Oxford Book of Health Foods"]</refwidths="140px" heights="140px">File:Sýkořice, zvonec.jpg|FlowerFile:Atropa-bella-donna Staude 102 b.jpg|BudsFile:Atropa belladona eu 76 14062008 1.jpg|LeavesFile:Bele-dame Prwaji voye.JPG|Fruits </referencesgallery>

<references> <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/atropa.html "botonical information"]</ref><ref name= External Links ="Leaf">[http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Atropa_belladonna "charecteristics"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/n/nighde05.html "cultivation from botany"]</ref></references>

==External Links==* [https://enmedlineplus.wikipediagov/druginfo/natural/531.html Atropa belladonna on science direct]* [http://www.belladonnakillz.com/belladonna-plant-brief-description-of-belladonna.html Atropa belladonna on THE POISON GARDEN website]* [http://eol.org/wikipages/581107/Atropa_belladonna details Atropa belladonna on ayuev Atropa belladonnaon ayurveda herns]* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/atropa-WikipediabelladonnaAtropa belladonna on mmedicinal plants s]* [http://www.thepoisongarden.co.uk/atoz/atropa_belladonna.htm Atropa belladonna on description Brief Summary of Atropa belladonna]* [http://www.indianmirror.com/ayurveda/belladona.html Atropa belladonna on encyclopedea of life]

[[Category:HerbsAyurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]