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Difference between revisions of "Plant Identification"
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*Simple | *Simple | ||
A leaf that has an undivided blade. The leaf may be lobed but does not form distinct leaflets. | A leaf that has an undivided blade. The leaf may be lobed but does not form distinct leaflets. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology attachment petiolate.png|Simple leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
*Compound | *Compound | ||
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*Pinnate (odd): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is a terminal leaflet and therefore an odd number of leaflets. | *Pinnate (odd): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is a terminal leaflet and therefore an odd number of leaflets. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology odd pinnate.png|Imparipinnate leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
*Pinnate (even): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is no terminal leaflet and therefore an even number of leaflets. | *Pinnate (even): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is no terminal leaflet and therefore an even number of leaflets. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology even pinnate.png|Paripinnate leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
**Bipinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a unipinnate arrangement. | **Bipinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a unipinnate arrangement. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology type bipinnately-compound.png|Bipinnate leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
**Tripinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a bipinnate arrangement. | **Tripinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a bipinnate arrangement. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology tripinnate.png|Tripinnate | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | *Trifoliate: A compound leaf made up of three leaflets. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology trifoliolate.png|Trifoliate leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| − | |||
| − | *Palmate/Digitate: A type of compound leaf in which the leaflets all originate from the same point, like the fingers from the palm of the hand. | + | *Palmate/Digitate: A type of compound leaf in which the leaflets all originate from the same point, like the fingers from the palm of the hand.| |
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology type palmately-compound.png|Palmate leaf | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
A way to distinguish simple leaves from compound leaves is to check for axillary buds. Only simple leaves would have an axillary bud. Pinnate leaves will not have them. | A way to distinguish simple leaves from compound leaves is to check for axillary buds. Only simple leaves would have an axillary bud. Pinnate leaves will not have them. | ||
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*Alternate: One leaf attached at a node, arranged alternately on the stem. | *Alternate: One leaf attached at a node, arranged alternately on the stem. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Ulistnienie (Phyllotaxys alternate.svg}|Alternate | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
*Opposite: A pair of leaves attached at a node, arranged oppositely. | *Opposite: A pair of leaves attached at a node, arranged oppositely. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Ulistnienie (Phyllotaxys opposite-decussate).svg|Opposite | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | *Whorled: Three or more leaves attached at a node, in a radial manner. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology whorled.png|Whorled | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| − | * | + | *Basal Rosette: Some plants keep their leaves in a tight rosette close to the ground, where the leaves all seem to radiate from a common point. This may be one stage in the life of the plant or it may spend its whole life in that form. |
| − | + | <gallery> | |
| + | File:Parthenium hysterophorus plant with flowers.jpg | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
== Leaf Shape == | == Leaf Shape == | ||
| Line 89: | Line 122: | ||
File:Leaf morphology attachment amplexicaul.png|Amplexicaule | File:Leaf morphology attachment amplexicaul.png|Amplexicaule | ||
File:Leaf morphology attachment decurrent.png|Decurrent | File:Leaf morphology attachment decurrent.png|Decurrent | ||
| − | File:Leaf morphology ocrea.svg| | + | File:Leaf morphology ocrea.svg|Ochreate |
File:Leaf morphology attachment perfoliolate.png|Perfoliate | File:Leaf morphology attachment perfoliolate.png|Perfoliate | ||
File:Leaf morphology attachment petiolate.png|Petiolate | File:Leaf morphology attachment petiolate.png|Petiolate | ||
File:Leaf morphology attachment sessile.png|Sessile | File:Leaf morphology attachment sessile.png|Sessile | ||
File:Leaf morphology attachment sheathing.png|Sheathing | File:Leaf morphology attachment sheathing.png|Sheathing | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Leaf margin == | ||
| + | A leaf can be entire (one with a smooth edge) or it can be of the following types. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology crenate.png|crenate | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology crenulate.png|crenulate | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology dentate-2.png|dentate | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology denticulate.png|denticulate | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology undulate.png|undulate | ||
| + | File:Leaf morphology serrate.png|serrate | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Inflorescence == | ||
| + | The grouping or cluster of flowers on a branch or a network of branches. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | File:Tros.jpg|Raceme | ||
| + | File:Tuil.jpg|Corymb | ||
| + | File:Scherm.jpg|Umbel | ||
| + | File:Hoofdje.jpg|Head | ||
| + | File:Kegelvormig hoofdje.jpg|Head | ||
| + | File:Pluim.jpg|Panicle | ||
| + | File:Gevorkt bijscherm.jpg|Cyme | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 15:35, 10 April 2019
To properly identify a plant, the whole plant has to be carefully observed. The physical form and external structure have to be studied to see what categories the plant fits into. These are the features that need to be observed.
Contents
Habit (form)
- Herb: Plants that have non-woody stems. Herbs can be annuals or perennials
- Shrub: Woody plants that are less than 6m tall and have multiple stems. Shrubs are perennials.
- Tree: Perennial woody plants with an elongated trunk with leafy branches at the top.
- Climber: Plants with stems that are unable to stand erect, and use trees and other objects to climb up. There are herbaceous as well as woody climbers (lianas)
Leaf type
- Simple
A leaf that has an undivided blade. The leaf may be lobed but does not form distinct leaflets.
Simple leaf
- Compound
The leaf blade is separated into separate leaflets. There are several ways in which the leaflets may be arranged on the rachis.
- Pinnate (odd): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is a terminal leaflet and therefore an odd number of leaflets.
Imparipinnate leaf
- Pinnate (even): Leaflets are attached along the rachis; there is no terminal leaflet and therefore an even number of leaflets.
Paripinnate leaf
- Bipinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a unipinnate arrangement.
Bipinnate leaf
- Tripinnate: Leaflets that are further subdivided in a bipinnate arrangement.
Tripinnate
- Trifoliate: A compound leaf made up of three leaflets.
Trifoliate leaf
- Palmate/Digitate: A type of compound leaf in which the leaflets all originate from the same point, like the fingers from the palm of the hand.|
Palmate leaf
A way to distinguish simple leaves from compound leaves is to check for axillary buds. Only simple leaves would have an axillary bud. Pinnate leaves will not have them.
Leaf arrangement
- Alternate: One leaf attached at a node, arranged alternately on the stem.
- Opposite: A pair of leaves attached at a node, arranged oppositely.
Opposite
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- Whorled: Three or more leaves attached at a node, in a radial manner.
Whorled
- Basal Rosette: Some plants keep their leaves in a tight rosette close to the ground, where the leaves all seem to radiate from a common point. This may be one stage in the life of the plant or it may spend its whole life in that form.
Leaf Shape
Leaves come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Acuminate
Aristate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltate
Deltoid
Digitate
Elliptic
Ensiforme
Falcate
Flabelate
Hastate
Lanceolate
Linear
Lobed
Multifide
Obcordate
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovale
Pandurate
Pedate
Peltate
Pinnatisect
Plicate
Reniform
Rombic
Spatulate
truncate
Leaf attachment
The point of attachment of a leaf to a stem.
Amplexicaule
Decurrent
Ochreate
Perfoliate
Petiolate
Sessile
Sheathing
Leaf margin
A leaf can be entire (one with a smooth edge) or it can be of the following types.
crenate
crenulate
dentate
denticulate
undulate
serrate
Inflorescence
The grouping or cluster of flowers on a branch or a network of branches.
Raceme
Corymb
Umbel
Head
Head
Panicle
Cyme
