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Difference between revisions of "Sinopodophyllum - Laghu patra"

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[[File:Mayapple by IvanTortuga.jpg|thumb|right|''Laghu patra'' , ''Podophyllum'']]
 
[[File:Mayapple by IvanTortuga.jpg|thumb|right|''Laghu patra'' , ''Podophyllum'']]
  
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Podophyllum is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family Berberidaceae, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. In the past, several species were included in the genus, but all but one have been transferred to other genera (Dysosma, Pilea, and Sinopodophyllum). The one remaining species is Podophyllum peltatum, with common names mayapple <ref name="mayapple" />, American mandrake, wild mandrake, and ground lemon. It is widespread across most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
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'''Sinopodophyllum''' is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family Berberidaceae, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. In the past, several species were included in the genus, but all but one have been transferred to other genera (Dysosma, Pilea, and Sinopodophyllum). The one remaining species is Podophyllum peltatum, with common names mayapple, American mandrake, wild mandrake, and ground lemon. It is widespread across most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
  
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Mayapples are woodland plants, typically growing in colonies derived from a single root. The stems grow to 30–40 cm tall, with palmately lobed umbrella-like leaves up to 20–40 cm diameter with 3–9 shallowly to deeply cut lobes. The plants produce several stems from a creeping underground rhizome; some stems bear a single leaf and do not produce any flower or fruit, while flowering stems produce a pair or more leaves with 1–8 flowers in the axil between the apical leaves. The flowers are white, yellow or red, 2–6 cm diameter with 6–9 petals, and mature into a green, yellow or red fleshy fruit 2–5 cm long.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|cancer}}, {{Uses|ovarian cancer}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
  
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All the parts of the plant are poisonous, including the green fruit, but once the fruit has turned yellow, it can be safely eaten with the seeds removed.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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The substance they contain (podophyllotoxin or podophyllin) is used as a purgative and as a cytostatic. Posalfilin is a drug containing podophyllin and salicylic acid that is used to treat the plantar wart.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, 3beta-hydroxy, 7alpha-methoxy, 24beta-ethyl, cholest-5-ene, 7beta-hydroxysitosterol , beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, alpha-glyceryl palmitate, alpha-D-glucose, 5-hydromethyl furaldehyde<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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They are also grown as ornamental plants for their attractive foliage and flowers.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=Laghu patra, Vanavrintaka|ta=|te=|hi=Ban kakri|en=Himalayan May Apple, Indian may apple}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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Though the common name is mayapple, it is the flower that appears in early May, not the "apple". The fruit or "apple" is produced early summer and ripens later in summer.
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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Many species of plants have mycorrhizae to assist with nutrient uptake in infertile conditions. Mayapple plants are considered obligately dependent upon such mycorrhizae, although it may also be facultatively dependent upon rhizome age and soil nutrient levels. Plants are commonly found infected by the rust Allodus podophylli, appearing as honeycomb-patterned orange colonies under the leaves, and yellowish lesions on the upper surface.
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
  
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Leaves are rounded in outline, 10-25 cm long, deeply cut into 3 ovate, toothed lobes, sometimes further lobed}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|white or pale|6|Flowering: May-August}}
  
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== Toxicity ==
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit||2.5-5 cme|Fruit is a large scarlet or reddish berry||many}}
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===Other features===
  
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The unripe green fruit is toxic. The ripened yellow fruit is edible in small amounts, though when consumed in large amounts the fruit is poisonous. The rhizome, foliage and roots are also poisonous. Mayapple contains podophyllotoxin, which is highly toxic if consumed, but can be used as a topical medicine.
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
  
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
  
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Prefers a moist peaty soil and filtered light or shade[111, 187]. Grows well in a moist open woodland[28, 31, 200]. Hardy to about -20°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
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== Medicinal uses ==
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Scrub forests and alpine meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Humus rich soils}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}.
  
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Mayapple has been used by American Indians as an emetic, cathartic, and antihelmintic agent. They also boiled the poisonous root, and used the water to cure stomach aches.[citation needed] The rhizome of the mayapple has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, originally by indigenous inhabitants and later by other settlers.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Podophyllum hexandrum (Betty Ford Alpine Gardens).jpg
  
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Mayapple can be also used topically for warts, and two of its derivatives, etoposide and teniposide, have shown promise in treating some malignant neoplasms.
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Podophyllum hexandrum (Kowal garden).jpg
  
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==Common name==
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Podophyllum hexandrum - Bergianska trädgården - Stockholm, Sweden - DSC00531.JPG
  
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* '''English''' - Himalayan May Apple
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* '''Hindi''' - बन ककडी
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Podophyllum hexandrum - GBA Viote 09-16.jpg
  
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== Refrences ==
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</gallery>
  
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<references>
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==References==
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<ref name="mayapple">[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Himalayan%20May%20Apple.html "flowersofindia"]</ref>
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23627125 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Himalayan%20May%20Apple.html "plant description"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Podophyllum+hexandrum "Cultivation details"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podophyllum "wikipedia"]
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* [https://academic.oup.com/chromsci/article/54/2/175/2754786 Sinopodophyllum on science direct]
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* [https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/297582/Sinopodophyllum-hexandrum/Details Sinopodophyllum on rhs.org.uk]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4198291/ Genetic Diversity and Structure of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 17:28, 7 June 2018

Laghu patra , Podophyllum

Sinopodophyllum is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family Berberidaceae, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. In the past, several species were included in the genus, but all but one have been transferred to other genera (Dysosma, Pilea, and Sinopodophyllum). The one remaining species is Podophyllum peltatum, with common names mayapple, American mandrake, wild mandrake, and ground lemon. It is widespread across most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.

Uses

cancer, ovarian cancer, Snakebites, Curing liver disorders, Skin eruptions, Blotches, Pimples, Diarrhea, Sore throats

Parts Used

Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin, 3beta-hydroxy, 7alpha-methoxy, 24beta-ethyl, cholest-5-ene, 7beta-hydroxysitosterol , beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, alpha-glyceryl palmitate, alpha-D-glucose, 5-hydromethyl furaldehyde[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi Ban kakri
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Laghu patra, Vanavrintaka
English Himalayan May Apple, Indian may apple


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate Leaves are rounded in outline, 10-25 cm long, deeply cut into 3 ovate, toothed lobes, sometimes further lobed

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long white or pale 6 Flowering: May-August

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
2.5-5 cme Fruit is a large scarlet or reddish berry many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Prefers a moist peaty soil and filtered light or shade[111, 187]. Grows well in a moist open woodland[28, 31, 200]. Hardy to about -20°c[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Scrub forests and alpine meadows, Humus rich soils, Himalayas.

Photo Gallery

  • Podophyllum hexandrum (Betty Ford Alpine Gardens).jpg
  • Podophyllum hexandrum (Kowal garden).jpg
  • Podophyllum hexandrum - Bergianska trädgården - Stockholm, Sweden - DSC00531.JPG
  • Podophyllum hexandrum - GBA Viote 09-16.jpg

References

  1. ↑ "chemical constituents"
  2. ↑ "plant description"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Sinopodophyllum_-_Laghu_patra&oldid=16378"