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'''Kava''' or '''kava-kava''' is a crop of the western Pacific. The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with sedative, anesthetic, euphoriant, and entheogenic properties. Kava is consumed throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia for its sedating effects. Its active ingredients are called kavalactones. A Cochrane systematic review concluded it was likely to be more effective than placebo at treating short-term anxiety.

== Description Uses== The several cultivars {{Uses|nausea}}, {{Uses|loss of kava vary in concentrations of primary and secondary psychoactive alkaloids. The largest number are grown in the Republic of Vanuatuappetite}}, {{Uses|tiredness}}, {{Uses|liver disorders}}, and so it is recognised as the "home" of kava. Kava was historically grown only in the Pacific islands of Hawaii{{Uses|abdominal pain}}, Federated States of Micronesia{{Uses|dark urine}}, Vanuatu{{Uses|anxiety }}, Fiji{{Uses|stress}}, the Samoas and Tonga.{{Uses|Sore throats}}

The kava shrub thrives in loose==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, well-drained soils where plenty of air reaches the roots. It grows naturally where rainfall is plentiful (over 2,000 mm/yr). Ideal growing conditions are 70–95 °F (21–35 °C) and 70–100% relative humidity. Too much sunlight is harmful, especially in early growth, so kava is an understory crop{{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.

Kava cannot reproduce sexually. Female flowers are especially rare ==Chemical Composition==Trimethyl-1-naphthol, 5-methyl-1-phenylhexen-3-yn-5-ol, octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, Dimethylflavanone, Pinostrobin chalcone and do not produce fruit even when hand7-dimethoxyflavanone-pollinated. Its cultivation is entirely by propagation from stem cuttings.5 hydroxy<ref name="chemical composition"/>

== Uses Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}}

*Over centuries, kava has been used in the traditional medicine of the South Pacific Islands for central nervous system and peripheral effects.<ref name="uses"/> As noted in one literature review=Properties==Reference: "Peripherally, [kava] is indicated in traditional Pacific medicine for urogenital conditions (gonorrhea infections, chronic cystitis, difficulty urinating), reproductive and women's health (...), gastrointestinal upsets, respiratory ailments (asthma, coughs, and tuberculosis)Dravya - Substance, skin diseases and topical woundsRasa - Taste, and as an analgesicGuna - Qualities, with significant subtlety and nuance attending the precise strainVeerya - Potency, plant component (leafVipaka - Post-digesion effect, stemKarma - Pharmacological activity, root, etc.) and preparative method to be used"Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===

===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|alternate|The leaves are heart-shaped, 10-30 cm x 8-23 cm; stipules large, persistent}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|3-9 cm long|Yellow|2|The female spike bears flowers with a single basal ovule in an unilocular ovary topped by a stigma.}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Fruit seldom produced; a berry containing one seed||single}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==The kava plant is propagated from cuttings taken from the lower stems or from the younger stems once separated from the rootstock when the root is harvested.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Damp areas}}, {{Commonly seen|near streams}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpgImage:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> == References == <references><ref name="useschemical composition">[https://ummwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404321 "chemical components"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[http://www.worldagroforestry.eduorg/healthtreedb/medicalAFTPDFS/altmedPiper_methysticum.PDF "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https:/herb/kava.com/articles/botany-of-kava / "Kava kavacultivation"]</ref>

== External Links ==* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/piper-methysticum Piper methysticum on science direct]* [https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/drugs/pharmacology/kava-plant Piper methysticum on encyclopedea.com]*[https://enwww.wikipediakonakavafarm.orgcom/piper_methysticum.html Piper methysticum on konakavafarm.com]* [http:/wiki/Kava Kavawww.takimai.com/grow-Wikipediakava-harvest/ Piper methysticum on grow kava harvest in takimai]