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Difference between revisions of "Gmelina arborea - Gambhari"

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[[File:Gmelina arborea leaves I IMG 3458.jpg|thumb|right|''Gmelina arborea'', ''Madhumati'']]
 
[[File:Gmelina arborea leaves I IMG 3458.jpg|thumb|right|''Gmelina arborea'', ''Madhumati'']]
  
 
Madhumati locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China, and has been planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on experimental basis in other countries as well. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.
 
Madhumati locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China, and has been planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on experimental basis in other countries as well. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.
  
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== Description ==
 
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Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing tree, which grows on different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750–4500 mm rainfall. It does not thrive on ill-drained soils and remains stunted on dry, sandy or poor soils; drought also reduces it to a shrubby form. This tree is commonly planted as a garden and an avenue tree; growing in villages along agricultural land and on village community lands and wastelands. It is light demander, tolerant of excessive drought, but moderately frost hardy. It has good capacity to recover from frost injury. Gamhar trees coppices very well with vigorous growth. Saplings and young plants need protection from deer and cattle.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|bilious fever}}, {{Uses|gonorrhoea}}, {{Uses|cough}}, {{Uses|wounds}}, {{Uses|ulcers}}, {{Uses|leprosy}}, {{Uses|blood diseases}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|stem}}, {{Parts Used|rootbark}}, {{Parts Used|stem bark}}, {{Parts Used|fruits}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
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hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Shivani|ml=Kumbil|sa=Madhumati|ta=Kumalaamaram|te=Peddagumudutekku|hi=Gamhar|en=Gamhar}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Guru (heavy)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Vata, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Deciduous Tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|ovate|4-8 inch long,  acuminate, entire}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|12 inch|brownish-yellow|5-20|Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5-lobed and In small usually 3-flowered cymes arranged along the branches of a densely fulvous-tomentose panicle}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|ovoid|1.5-2.0 cm long|sometimes with portion of attached pedicel, two seeded|With hooked hairs|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The plant can succeed in very dry to wet areas in the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,100 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 34°c, but can tolerate 16 - 46°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|tropical semi-evergreen}}, {{Commonly seen|sub-montane}}, {{Commonly seen|moist teak forests}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Odermennig.jpg
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File:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
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Image:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg
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</gallery>
  
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*It is used in constructions, furniture, carriages, sports, musical instruments and artificial limbs.
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==References==
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*Madhumati arborea leaves are considered good for cattle (crude protein – 11.9%) and are also used as a feed to eri-silkworm.
 
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*The root and bark of Madhumati are claimed to be stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, 'tridosha' and urinary discharge.
 
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*Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers.
 
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* They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases.
 
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*Madhumati helps to promote growth of hairs, useful in 'vata', thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge.
 
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*The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snakebite and scorpion sting. In snakebite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally.
 
  
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==Common name==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700165 "Essential Oil Composition"]</ref>
  
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* '''English''' - beechwood
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/herbs/gmelina-arborea/2960/ "plant description"]</ref>
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* '''Kannada''' - ಶಿವಾನೆ ಮರ
 
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* '''Hindi''' - gamhar
 
  
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== External Links ==
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Gmelina+arborea "Cultivation Details"]</ref>
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</references>
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea Gmelina arborea-Wikipedia]
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gamhar.html Gmelina arborea on flowers of india]
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* [http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/forestry/tree-crops/gmelina-arborea Gmelina arborea on vikaspedea]
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/gambhari-gmelina-arborea Gmelina arborea on palnet ayurveda]
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* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10086-008-0983-3 Chemical constituents from Gmelina arborea bark and their antioxidant activity]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 11:45, 10 May 2018

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Gmelina arborea, Madhumati

Madhumati locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China, and has been planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on experimental basis in other countries as well. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.


Uses

bilious fever, gonorrhoea, cough, wounds, ulcers, leprosy, blood diseases, Diarrhea.

Parts Used

Roots, stem, rootbark, stem bark, fruits.

Chemical Composition

hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%)[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Shivani
Hindi Gamhar
Malayalam Kumbil
Tamil Kumalaamaram
Telugu Peddagumudutekku
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Madhumati
English Gamhar


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru (heavy)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Vata, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Deciduous Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple ovate 4-8 inch long, acuminate, entire

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 12 inch brownish-yellow 5-20 Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5-lobed and In small usually 3-flowered cymes arranged along the branches of a densely fulvous-tomentose panicle

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
ovoid 1.5-2.0 cm long sometimes with portion of attached pedicel, two seeded With hooked hairs {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The plant can succeed in very dry to wet areas in the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,100 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 34°c, but can tolerate 16 - 46°c[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

tropical semi-evergreen, sub-montane, moist teak forests.

Photo Gallery

  • Odermennig.jpg
  • Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
  • Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg

References

  1. ↑ "Essential Oil Composition"
  2. ↑ "plant description"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation Details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea_-_Gambhari&oldid=14957"