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Actaea racemosa - Black cohosh

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[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
'''Black Cohosh''' ''Actaea racemosa '' <ref name="Actaea racemosa "/> has been used by Native Americans for more than two ''hundred years'', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbances''.
 
==Uses==
{{Uses|Tentex forte}}, {{Uses|Muscle & Joint Rub}}, {{Uses|Impotency & Erectile dysfunction}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Pharyngitis & Sore Throat}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Pyorrhea}}, {{Uses|Common Cold}}, {{Uses|Childhood apraxia of speech}}, {{Uses|Delayed Speech Development}}.
 
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Dried Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Flower}}.
 
==Chemical Composition==
Analysis has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble in potassium hydroxide and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide - one dark brown and acrid, the other yellow - tannin, gum, potassium sulphate and carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
 
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=Pellitory}}
 
==Habit==
{{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
 
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Smooth|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular||Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.}}
 
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
'''Black Cohosh''' ''Actaea racemosa '' <ref name="Actaea racemosa "/> has been used by Native Americans for more than two ''hundred years'', after they discovered the root ==Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it herb is still used for menopausal symptoms such ==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbancesroot juice extract''.
== Uses Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
Native Americans used black cohosh ==How to treat gynecological and other disordersplant/cultivate==Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, including sore throats, kidney problems, and depressionfairly heavy soil.Following the arrival of European settlers in the U.S. who continued the [[Ayurvedic medicine]] / medicinal usage It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black cohosh-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the plant appeared in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1830 under the common name "Bugbane"<ref name “black snakeroot”. In 1844 A. racemosa gained popularity when John King, an eclectic physician, used it ="How to treat rheumatism and nervous disorders. Other eclectic physicians of the mid-nineteenth century used black cohosh for a variety of maladies, including endometritis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, sterility, severe after-birth pains, and for increased breast milk production.plant/cultivate"/>
== Side Effects Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Mediterranian}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian countries}}.
*According to Cancer Research UK==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File: "Doctors are worried that using black cohosh long term may cause thickening of the womb liningAnacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1.jpg|Var. This could lead to an increased risk of womb cancer''depressus''File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus open." They also caution that people with liver problems should not take it as it can damage the liverjpg|same plant, although a 2011 meta-analysis of research evidence suggested this concern may be unfoundedflower detailFile:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|Var. ''depressus'', flowers closed</gallery>
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Actaea racemosa chemical composition">[https://www.dabur.com/in/en-us/about/science-of-ayurveda/herbal-medicinal-plants/akarkara-plant "dabur medicinal plants"]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ "Bimbima"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_racemosa Anacyclus_pyrethrum "wikipediaAnacyclus pyrithum"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links == *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohosh "wikipedia"] 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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