View source for Ziziphus mauritiana - Common jujube

[[File:Zizip maurit 110717-16064 LF sntong.jpg|thumb|right|''Badarah'', ''Ziziphus mauritiana'']]
'''Badarah''' is a much branched thorny tree that grows in the drier parts of India. The fruits are enjoyed by animals and man alike.

==Uses==
{{Uses|Relieves constipation}}, {{Uses|Relieves excessive thirst}}, {{Uses|Improves digestion strength}}, {{Uses|Nasal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Gastric}}, {{Uses|Blood disorders}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}
<ref name="Uses"/>

==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.

==Chemical Composition==
Twelve compounds were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana and identified as betulinic aldehyde (1), betulinic acid (2), ceanothic acid (3), frangufoline (4), spinosin (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), daucosterol-6'-octadecanoate (8), sucrose (9), docosanoic acid (10), stearic acid (11), palmitoleic acid (12).<ref name="Chemical Composition"/>

==Common names==
{{Common names|kn= ಬೋರೇ Bore, ಎಲಚಿ Elachi|ml=Chirimullu, Ilanta|sa=Karkandhu, Kola|ta=Ilandai, Elandai|te=Regi, Regu-pandu|hi=Bara-bor, Kath ber,|en=Indian Jujube|mr=Boor}}
<ref name="Common names"/>

==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===

===Rasa===
Madhura (Sweet), Amla (Sour)
===Guna===
Guru (Heavy), Snigdha (Oily)
===Veerya===
Sheeta (Cold)
===Vipaka===

===Karma===
Kapha, Pitta, Vata
===Prabhava===

==Habit==
{{Habit|Tree}}

==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Distichous; stipular spines solitary or in pairs, straight or one of them recurved; nodes slightly enlarged around the leaf scars.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>

===Flower===
{{Flower|Axillary cyme|Bisexual|Greenish-yellow|5|15-20 flowered dense cymose axillary fascicles, Flowering season is November-March}}

===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Drupe|1 x 0.5 cm|Oblong-globose, yellow or orange when ripe; 1-2-celled||Seeds 1 or 2, compressed|Fruiting season is November-March}}

===Other features===

==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
[[Ajamamsa rasayana]], [[Panchamla tailam]], [[Dhanvantara taila]], [[Dhanvantari gritha]]<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>

==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}

==How to plant/cultivate==
Storage of the seed for 4 months to let it after-ripen improves germination. If facilities are available, stratification in sand for 60 - 90 days at 5°c is recommended. Scarification, extracting the seed from the stone, and treating it with sulphuric acid has also been recommended. To germinate, seeds need full sunlight. Seed should germinate in 3 - 4 weeks when the seed is left in stone, quicker if it is cracked, and only 1 week if it is carefully extracted. <ref name="Cultivation details"/>

==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry deciduous forests}}.

==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Zizip maurit 110716-15922 Fr sntong.jpg
File:Zizip maurit 110717-16070 Fl sntong.jpg
File:Zizip maurit 110716-15914 Fr sntong.jpg
File:Zizip maurit 110901-17127 H bal.jpg
File:Zizip maurit 110717-16059 Fr sntong.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
<references> 
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2015/07/26/ber-fruit-indian-jujube-uses-dose-side-effect-research/ Uses]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of  Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 398</ref>
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2015/07/26/ber-fruit-indian-jujube-uses-dose-side-effect-research/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
<ref name="Cultivation details">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Ziziphus+mauritiana Cultivation details]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
<ref name="Chemical Composition">Referred by Library of National Medicine article.</ref>
<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.112, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref>
</references>

==External Links==
* [https://www.epainassist.com/articles/health-benefits-of-jujube-fruit-or-ber-or-ziziphus-mauritiana Ziziphus mauritiana on epain assist.com]
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282001594_A_PLANT_REVIEW_ON_ZIZIPHUS_MAURITIANA Ziziphus mauritiana on researchgate.net]
* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Ziziphus+mauritiana Ziziphus mauritiana on the ferns.info]

[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Rhamnaceae]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]