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Calophyllum inophyllum - Punnaga

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{{stub}}[[File:Calophyllum-inophyllum06.jpg|thumb|right|''Punnaga'', ''Calophyllum inophyllum'']]'''Punnaga'''is a moderate sized tree with smooth and shining oppositely arranged leaves. The fruits are used to make oil. Calophyllum inophyllum usually occurs naturally all along the coast, on beaches and further inland as well.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Gastritis}}, {{Uses|Nasal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Psychiatric disorders}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Urinary tract infection}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=honne kaayi mara, naameru, marasurahonne|ml=ceruppuna, ponnakum, pouna, punna|sa=namaeruak, panchakaeshera, punnaga|ta=cayantakam, punnagam, punnai-maram|te=naameru, nameru, ponna, ponna chettu|hi=sultanachampa, surpunka, undi|en=Alexanrian laurel}}
<ref name="Common names"/>
 
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
 
===Rasa===
Madhura (Sweet), Kashaya (Astringent)
===Guna===
Laghu (Light), Rooksha (Dry)
===Veerya===
Sheeta (cold)
===Vipaka===
Madhura (Sweet)
===Karma===
Pitta, Kapha
===Prabhava===
 
==Habit==
{{Habit|tree}}
 
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong or obovate, cuneate to rounded at base, slightly recurved and margined, rounded, acute, slightly emarginate, retuse or sub-acute at apex, 6-15 x 3-10.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous; midnerve channelled above; raised beneath; lateral nerves 4-20 pairs; petioles flat, 1-1.7 cm long, glabrous.}}
<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
===Flower===
{{Flower|Bisexual|axillary racemes|white||Flowers polygamous, 2-2.5 cm across, white, fragrant; bracts ovate, 3-4 mm long, caducous; pedicels 1-3 cm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, reflexed; outer pair ovate to suborbicular, concave, 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-6.5 mm, nerved; the inner subelliptic, 9-15 x 7.5-9.5 mm, petaloid, nerved. Petals usually 4, rarely 3 or 5, obovate to elliptic or oblong, reflexed, 9-12 x 5-9 mm, rarely glabrous, nerved. Stamens (175-) 210-360(-440); filaments 3.5-5.5 mm long, connate for 1.5 mm into 4-6 bundles, cream coloured; anthers rounded or retuse at apex, 0.7-2 mm long. Ovary globose-depressed, 2.5-3 x 2.8-3 mm, stipitate; style 4.5-6.5 mm long; stigmas peltate, 3-5 radiate, 0.7-2 mm across. }}
 
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Drupe|2.5-5 x 2.5-4 cm| smooth; stone subglobose, ca 2 cm across. ||}}
 
===Other features===
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
 
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
 
===Season to grow===
 
===Soil type===
 
 
===Propagation===
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Coastal area}}.
 
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Starr 010309-0546 Calophyllum inophyllum.jpg
File:Calophyllum-inophyllum03.jpg
File:Calophyllum-inophyllum05.jpg
File:Calophyllum inophyllum Blanco2.256.png
</gallery>
 
==References==
 
<references>
<ref name="Uses">https://easyayurveda.com/2015/04/23/punnaga-calophyllum-inophyllum-uses-research-side-effects/ "Uses"]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://FLOWERING PLANTS OF KERALA VER.2, N. Sasidharan "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search "Vernacular names"]</ref>
 
 
</references>
 
==External Links==
* http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2013/04/calophyllum-inophyllum.html
* https://www.indianmedicinalplants.info/DictionaryofMedicinalPlants/index.php/image-gallery-of-medicinal-plants-63/80-c/883-calophyllum-inophyllum-linn
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Tree]]
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