Difference between revisions of "Anamirta cocculus - Garalaphala"

Latest revision as of 12:42, 24 March 2020

Garalaphala, Anamirta cocculus

Garalaphala is a large, dioecious climbing plant. These stems scramble over the ground and twine into other plants for support. The plant is not usually cultivated, but is often harvested from the wild for its medicinal uses.

Uses

Ulcer, Inflammation, Skin diseases, Bronchitis, Cough.^[1]

Parts Used

Fruits, Leaves

Chemical Composition

The leaves and fruit contain picrotoxin (up to 5%) and alkaloids. Picrotoxin (sesquiterpene glycoside) is a powerful poison and nerve stimulant. Picrotoxin at 20 mg is toxic, and two to three berries are lethal. (Francis Brinker.) ^[2]

Common names

Language	Common name
Kannada	Chippula kaayi, Garuda phala, Haenu beeja, Kaage maari
Hindi	Kakmari
Malayalam	Nanjukuru, kantakakonnuveli, Karantakam
Tamil	Kakamari, Kakanacam, Kakkai kolli, Muratayam, Nancukkottai, Pen kottai
Telugu	Kaaka maari, Kaaki chempa, Koditige, Thippathige
Marathi	NA
Gujarathi	NA
Punjabi	NA
Kashmiri	NA
Sanskrit	Dhvankshanakhi, Garalaphala, Kakadani, Kakamari, Kakanashika, Kakaphala, Raktala
English	Fish berry

^[3]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Teekshna (Strong)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Climber

Identification

Leaf

Kind	Shape	Feature
Simple	Alternate	20-25 x 15-19 cm, glabrous, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margin entire; 5-ribbed, coriaceous; petiole 8-13 cm long.

^[4]

Flower

Type	Size	Color and composition	Stamen	More information
Unisexual	Large drooping panicles on old branches		9	Sepals 6 in 2 rows, 3 x 2 mm, ovate, yellow. Petals absent. Stamens 9, combined into a globose staminal column, anthers sessile; staminodes 9 in female flowers, obovate, scaly. Carpels 3, free; style absent; stigma recurved.

Fruit

Type	Size	Mass	Appearance	Seeds	More information
A drupe	1 cm		Obliquely ovoid, gibbous, black, smooth; seeds 1, black, glabrous.		{{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Season to grow

Soil type

Propagation

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area.

Photo Gallery

Young leaves
Leaves
Flowers
Leaf
Fruits

References

External Links

[Uses-1] Uses

[Chemical_composition-2] Chemical composition

[Common_names-3] Vernacular names

[Leaf-4] Botonic description

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Anamirta cocculus 0790.jpg|thumb|right|''Garalaphala'', ''Anamirta cocculus'']]
-'''Garalaphala'''  is a large, dioecious climbing plant, with stems up to 15 metres long. These stems scramble over the ground and twine into other plants for support, the stems twining to the left. The plant is not usually cultivated, but is often harvested from the wild for its medicinal uses.
+'''Garalaphala''' is a large, dioecious climbing plant. These stems scramble over the ground and twine into other plants for support. The plant is not usually cultivated, but is often harvested from the wild for its medicinal uses.
 ==Uses==
-{{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Inflammation}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Cough}}
+{{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Inflammation}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Cough}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
-<ref name="Uses"/>
 ==Parts Used==
@@ Line 14: / Line 12: @@
 ==Common names==
-{{Common names|kn= chippula kaayi, garuda phala, haenu beeja, kaage maari|ml=nanjukuru, kantakakonnuveli, karantakam|sa=dhvankshanakhi, garalaphala, kakadani, kakamari, kakanashika, kakaphala, raktala|ta=kakamari, kakanacam, kakkai kolli, muratayam, nancukkottai, pen kottai|te=kaaka maari, kaaki chempa, koditige, thippathige|hi=kakmari|en=Fish berry}}
+{{Common names|kn= Chippula kaayi, Garuda phala, Haenu beeja, Kaage maari|ml=Nanjukuru, kantakakonnuveli, Karantakam|sa=Dhvankshanakhi, Garalaphala, Kakadani, Kakamari, Kakanashika, Kakaphala, Raktala|ta=Kakamari, Kakanacam, Kakkai kolli, Muratayam, Nancukkottai, Pen kottai|te=Kaaka maari, Kaaki chempa, Koditige, Thippathige|hi=Kakmari|en=Fish berry}}
 <ref name="Common names"/>
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 ==Identification==
 ===Leaf===
-{{Leaf|Simple|alternate| 20-25 x 15-19 cm, glabrous, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margin entire; 5-ribbed, coriaceous; petiole 8-13 cm long.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
+{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate| 20-25 x 15-19 cm, glabrous, broadly ovate, apex acute, base truncate, margin entire; 5-ribbed, coriaceous; petiole 8-13 cm long.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 ===Flower===
-{{Flower|Unisexual|large drooping panicles on old branches||9| Sepals 6 in 2 rows, 3 x 2 mm, ovate, yellow. Petals absent. Stamens 9, combined into a globose staminal column, anthers sessile; staminodes 9 in female flowers, obovate, scaly. Carpels 3, free; style absent; stigma recurved. }}
+{{Flower|Unisexual|Large drooping panicles on old branches||9| Sepals 6 in 2 rows, 3 x 2 mm, ovate, yellow. Petals absent. Stamens 9, combined into a globose staminal column, anthers sessile; staminodes 9 in female flowers, obovate, scaly. Carpels 3, free; style absent; stigma recurved. }}
 ===Fruit===
-{{Fruit|A drupe|1 cm||obliquely ovoid, gibbous, black, smooth; seeds 1, black, glabrous.|}}
+{{Fruit|A drupe|1 cm||Obliquely ovoid, gibbous, black, smooth; seeds 1, black, glabrous.|}}
 ===Other features===