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Difference between revisions of "Atropa belladonna - Suchi, Deadly nightshade"

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[[File:Atropa Bella-donna3.jpg|thumb|right|''Atropa belladonna'', ''Suchi'']]
 
[[File:Atropa Bella-donna3.jpg|thumb|right|''Atropa belladonna'', ''Suchi'']]
  
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'''Atropa belladonna''', commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.
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'''Atropa belladonna''' commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Colds}}, {{Uses|Hay fever}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Nerve problems}}, {{Uses|Spasms}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
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==Chemical Composition==
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Tender shoots of alfalfa are reported to contain per 100 g 52 calories, 82.7% moisture, 6 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 3.1 g fiber, 1.4 g ash, 12 mg Ca, 51 mg P, 5.4 mg Fe, 3410 IU Vit A, 0.13 mg thiamine, 0.14 mg riboflavin, 0.5 mg niacin, and 162 mg ascorbic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=lusarne soppu, vilaayiti hullu|ml=|sa=ashvabala|ta=kutirai macal |te=|hi=lusan ghas|en=Alfalfa, bastard medic}}
  
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== Description ==
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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Atropa belladonna is a branching herbaceous perennial, often growing as a subshrub, from a fleshy rootstock. Plants grow to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall with ovate leaves 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long. The bell-shaped flowers are dull purple with green tinges and faintly scented. The fruits are berries, which are green, ripening to a shiny-black, and approximately 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) in diameter. The berries are sweet and are consumed by animals (see Toxicity) that disperse the seeds in their droppings, even though the seeds contain toxic alkaloids. There is a pale-yellow flowering form called Atropa belladonna var. lutea with pale-yellow fruit.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|simple|dentate|The leaflets are 5-20 mm long and dentate (toothed) at the apex and sometimes at the base}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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*Drops prepared from the belladonna plant were used to dilate women's pupils, an effect considered to be attractive and seductive.
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===Flower===
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*Belladonna has been used in herbal medicine for centuries as a pain reliever, muscle relaxer, and anti-inflammatory, and to treat menstrual problems, peptic ulcer disease, histaminic reaction, and motion sickness.<ref name="uses"/>
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{{Flower|pale lavender|2-4cm long|violet|6-12 mm long|The flowers are papilionaceous, typical of species}}
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*Belladonna preparations are used in homeopathy as alleged treatments for various conditions.<ref name="uses2"/>
 
  
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==Common name==
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present||seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}}
  
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* '''English''' - Deadly nightshade
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===Other features===
  
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== References ==
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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<references>
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<ref name="uses">[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/531.html "belladonna"]</ref>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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<ref name="uses2>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mMl9vwVDxigC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=%22deadly+nightshade%22+homeopathic&redir_esc=y&hl=en "The Oxford Book of Health Foods"]</ref>
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==Mode of Propagation==
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</references>
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Stem cutting}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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For cultivation of alfalfa, land should be well-plowed. Farm manure could be applied six weeks before planting, with additional manurings as top dressing after every third cutting. Crop is propagated by seed. As seeds have hard coat, they should be scarified or soaked in water before sowing.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|moisty soil area}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Lucerne flowers.jpg|''Medicago sativa''
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Image:Medicago sativa Alfals006.jpg|''M. sativa''
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Image:Medicago sativa 02 bgiu.jpg|''M. sativa''
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Image:Luzerne-600.jpg|''M. sativa''|Image:Medicago-sativa-flowers.jpg|Flowers
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Image:YellowPrairieFlower.jpg|Yellow flowers
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Image:VioletPrairieFlower.JPG|Light violet flowers
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File:Alfalfa frutos-1.JPG|''M. sativa'' var. ''sativa'', mature fruits
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Image:Mesa 002 lhp.jpg|Seeds <small>(actual size ≈2mm)</small>
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Image:Scythe_in_lucern_field.jpg|Lucerne field
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Image:ARS_Megachile_rotundata.jpg|Bee on alfalfa flower
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</gallery>
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==References==
  
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Medicago_sativa.html "purdue university"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30234961-2 "kew science"]</ref>
  
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== External Links ==
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</references>
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropa_belladonna Atropa belladonna-Wikipedia]
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==External Links==
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 11:27, 11 April 2018

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Atropa belladonna, Suchi

Atropa belladonna commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine.

Uses

Arthritis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Asthma, Colds, Hay fever, Hemorrhoids, Motion sickness, Nerve problems, Spasms, Whooping cough.

Parts Used

Leaves, Seed, Oil

Chemical Composition

Tender shoots of alfalfa are reported to contain per 100 g 52 calories, 82.7% moisture, 6 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 3.1 g fiber, 1.4 g ash, 12 mg Ca, 51 mg P, 5.4 mg Fe, 3410 IU Vit A, 0.13 mg thiamine, 0.14 mg riboflavin, 0.5 mg niacin, and 162 mg ascorbic acid[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada lusarne soppu, vilaayiti hullu
Hindi lusan ghas
Malayalam
Tamil kutirai macal
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit ashvabala
English Alfalfa, bastard medic


Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
simple dentate The leaflets are 5-20 mm long and dentate (toothed) at the apex and sometimes at the base

.[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
pale lavender 2-4cm long violet 6-12 mm long The flowers are papilionaceous, typical of species

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
loose spiral A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour 10 to 20 seed {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Stem cutting.

How to plant/cultivate

For cultivation of alfalfa, land should be well-plowed. Farm manure could be applied six weeks before planting, with additional manurings as top dressing after every third cutting. Crop is propagated by seed. As seeds have hard coat, they should be scarified or soaked in water before sowing.

Commonly seen growing in areas

western Himalayas, open woodland, moisty soil area.

Photo Gallery

  • Medicago sativa

  • M. sativa

  • M. sativa

  • Flowers

  • Yellow flowers

  • Light violet flowers

  • M. sativa var. sativa, mature fruits

  • Seeds (actual size ≈2mm)

  • Lucerne field

  • Bee on alfalfa flower

References

  1. ↑ "purdue university"
  2. ↑ "kew science"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Atropa_belladonna_-_Suchi,_Deadly_nightshade&oldid=11774"