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Difference between revisions of "Glycyrrhiza glabra - Yashtimadhu"

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{{stub}}
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[[File:Glycyrrhiza glabra inflorescence.jpg|thumb|right|''Yashtimadhu'', ''Liquorice'']]
 
[[File:Glycyrrhiza glabra inflorescence.jpg|thumb|right|''Yashtimadhu'', ''Liquorice'']]
  
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'''Liquorice,''' or '''licorice''',<ref name="meaning"/> is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.
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'''Liquorice''' or '''licorice''' is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}<ref name="Uses"/>
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Root}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Contains volatile oils, flavonoids, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, triterpene glycosides including euscapic acid and tormentic acid, phenolic acids, and 3%–21% tannins.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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Most liquorice is used as a flavouring agent for tobacco, particularly US blend cigarettes, to which liquorice lends a natural sweetness and a distinctive flavour and makes it easier to inhale the smoke by creating bronchodilators, which open up the lungs. Liquorice flavours are also used as candies or sweeteners, particularly in some European and Middle Eastern countries. Liquorice extracts have a number of medical uses, and they are also used in herbal and folk medications. Excessive consumption of liquorice (more than 2 mg/kg/day of pure glycyrrhizinic acid, a liquorice component) may result in adverse effects, and overconsumption should be suspected clinically in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained hypokalemia and muscle weakness.<ref name="int"/>
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===Rasa===
  
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Glycyrrhizin has also demonstrated antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and blood pressure-increasing effects in vitro and in vivo, as is supported by the finding that intravenous glycyrrhizin (as if it is given orally very little of the original drug makes it into circulation) slows the progression of viral and autoimmune hepatitis. In one clinical trial liquorice demonstrated promising activity, when applied topically, against atopic dermatitis. Additionally, liquorice may be effective in treating hyperlipidaemia (a high amount of fats in the blood). Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Liquorice may also be useful in preventing neurodegenerative disorders and dental caries.<ref name="uses"/>
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===Guna===
  
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The antiulcer, laxative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour and expectorant properties of liquorice have been investigated.
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===Veerya===
  
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==Useful parts of the plant==
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===Vipaka===
  
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*'''Root'''.
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===Karma===
  
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==Common name==
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===Prabhava===
  
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* '''English''' - Liquorice
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==Habit==
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* '''Kannada''' - ಮಧುಕ
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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* '''Hindi''' - मुलेठी
 
  
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== References ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple||Divided into 9–17 leaflets, held on a leaf stalk 10–20 cm long}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|1.0–1.5 cm long|violet|5-20|The flowers are held in loose, conical spires, almost as long as the leaves}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit||1–3 cm long and 4–5 mm wide|Each pod contains 2–5 brown to blackish seeds|With hooked hairs|many}}
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Threats and conservation
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Widely distributed in Eurasia, Glycyrrhiza glabra is not considered to be threatened. Where it is cultivated as a crop, it is normally harvested in a sustainable manner, although there are some concerns that the commercial harvest of rhizomes can be destructive to naturally occurring populations and their habitats
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Requires a deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production<ref name="Cultivation details"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Dry open places}}, {{Commonly seen|sandy places near the sea}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Odermennig.jpg
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File:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
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Image:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
  
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="int">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ "How much is too much? in Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message from Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874112006393?via%3Dihub "sciencedirect"]</ref>
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<ref name="meaning">[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/licorice "Liquorice"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf  "Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat!"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496941-1 "plant description"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Agrimonia_eupatoria "practical palnts"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquorice Liquorice-Wikipedia]
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals: You Are What
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You Eat!
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 18:40, 9 May 2018

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Yashtimadhu, Liquorice

Liquorice or licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.

Uses

Wounds, Cuts, Snakebites, Curing liver disorders, Skin eruptions, Blotches, Pimples, Diarrhea, Sore throats[1]

Parts Used

Root, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Contains volatile oils, flavonoids, apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, triterpene glycosides including euscapic acid and tormentic acid, phenolic acids, and 3%–21% tannins.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Agrimony


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Divided into 9–17 leaflets, held on a leaf stalk 10–20 cm long

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 1.0–1.5 cm long violet 5-20 The flowers are held in loose, conical spires, almost as long as the leaves

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
1–3 cm long and 4–5 mm wide Each pod contains 2–5 brown to blackish seeds With hooked hairs many {{{6}}}

Threats and conservation Widely distributed in Eurasia, Glycyrrhiza glabra is not considered to be threatened. Where it is cultivated as a crop, it is normally harvested in a sustainable manner, although there are some concerns that the commercial harvest of rhizomes can be destructive to naturally occurring populations and their habitats

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Requires a deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Dry open places, sandy places near the sea.

Photo Gallery

  • Odermennig.jpg
  • Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
  • Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Uses
  2. ↑ "sciencedirect"
  3. ↑ "plant description"
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Cultivation details

Cite error: <ref> tag with name "How to plant/cultivate" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.

External Links

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals: You Are What You Eat!

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