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Difference between revisions of "Actaea racemosa - Black cohosh"

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{{stub}}
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[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
 
[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
  
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'''Black Cohosh''' ''Actaea racemosa '' <ref name="Actaea racemosa "/>  has been used by Native Americans for more than two ''hundred years'', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbances''.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Tentex forte}}, {{Uses|Muscle & Joint Rub}}, {{Uses|Impotency & Erectile dysfunction}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Pharyngitis & Sore Throat}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Pyorrhea}}, {{Uses|Common Cold}}, {{Uses|Childhood apraxia of speech}}, {{Uses|Delayed Speech Development}}.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Dried Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Flower}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Analysis has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble in potassium hydroxide and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide - one dark brown and acrid, the other yellow - tannin, gum, potassium sulphate and carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=Pellitory}}
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Smooth|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular||Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
  
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'''Black Cohosh''' ''Actaea racemosa '' <ref name="Actaea racemosa "/>  has been used by Native Americans for more than two ''hundred years'', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbances''.
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
  
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== Uses ==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
  
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Native Americans used black cohosh to treat gynecological and other disorders, including sore throats, kidney problems, and depression.Following the arrival of European settlers in the U.S. who continued the [[Ayurvedic medicine]] / medicinal usage of black cohosh, the plant appeared in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1830 under the name “black snakeroot”. In 1844 A. racemosa gained popularity when John King, an eclectic physician, used it to treat rheumatism and nervous disorders. Other eclectic physicians of the mid-nineteenth century used black cohosh for a variety of maladies, including endometritis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, sterility, severe after-birth pains, and for increased breast milk production.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, fairly heavy soil. It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the common name "Bugbane"<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
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== Side Effects ==
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Mediterranian}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian countries}}.
  
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*According to Cancer Research UK: "Doctors are worried that using black cohosh long term may cause thickening of the womb lining. This could lead to an increased risk of womb cancer." They also caution that people with liver problems should not take it as it can damage the liver, although a 2011 meta-analysis of research evidence suggested this concern may be unfounded.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1.jpg|Var. ''depressus''
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File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus open.jpg|same plant, flower detail
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File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|Var. ''depressus'', flowers closed
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</gallery>
  
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== References ==
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==References==
  
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="Actaea racemosa ">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_racemosa "wikipedia"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.dabur.com/in/en-us/about/science-of-ayurveda/herbal-medicinal-plants/akarkara-plant "dabur medicinal plants"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ "Bimbima"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacyclus_pyrethrum "Anacyclus pyrithum"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohosh "wikipedia"]
 
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 16:05, 14 April 2018

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Actaea racemosa inflorescence, Black cohosh

Black Cohosh Actaea racemosa [1] has been used by Native Americans for more than two hundred years, after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve menstrual cramps and symptoms of menopause. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes/flushes, irritability, mood swings and sleep disturbances.

Uses

Tentex forte, Muscle & Joint Rub, Impotency & Erectile dysfunction, Diarrhoea, Pharyngitis & Sore Throat, Toothache, Pyorrhea, Common Cold, Childhood apraxia of speech, Delayed Speech Development.

Parts Used

Dried Roots, Leaves, Flower.

Chemical Composition

Analysis has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble in potassium hydroxide and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide - one dark brown and acrid, the other yellow - tannin, gum, potassium sulphate and carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi Akarkara
Malayalam Akkarakaaram
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Akarkarabh
English Pellitory


Habit

Procumbent herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Smooth Alternate, Pinnate The leaves are with deeply-cut segments

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14-18cm long Yellow, Circular Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe seeds many, ovoid. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, fairly heavy soil. It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the common name "Bugbane"[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Mediterranian, Himalayas, Arabian countries.

Photo Gallery

  • Var. depressus

  • same plant, flower detail

  • Var. depressus, flowers closed

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Actaea racemosa
  2. ↑ "dabur medicinal plants"
  3. ↑ "Bimbima"
  4. ↑ "Anacyclus pyrithum"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Actaea_racemosa_-_Black_cohosh&oldid=12403"