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Difference between revisions of "Mandragora autumnalis"
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| + | [[File:Mandragora autumnalis1432.JPG|thumb|right|''Mandragora autumnalis'']] | ||
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| + | '''Mandragora autumnalis''', known as mandrake or autumn mandrake, is recognized by some sources as a separate species from Mandragora officinarum, although with different circumscriptions. Others regard it as merely part of this very variable species. Plants given the name Mandragora autumnalis consist of a rosette of leaves up to 60 cm (2 ft) across, close to the ground, with a central group of usually purplish flowers followed by yellow or orange berries. The large tap-roots as well as the leaves contain alkaloids and are toxic. They have traditional uses as herbal medicines. | ||
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==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
| − | {{Uses|}}, {{Uses| | + | {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Preoperative anesthetic}}. |
==Parts Used== | ==Parts Used== | ||
| − | {{Parts Used| | + | {{Parts Used|Roots}}. |
==Chemical Composition== | ==Chemical Composition== | ||
| − | <ref name="chemical composition"/> | + | All species of Mandragora contain highly biologically active alkaloids, tropane alkaloids in particular. Jackson and Berry were unable to find any differences in the composition of these chemicals between Mandragora autumnalis and Mandragora officinarum (using the broader definition of M. autumnalis). Alkaloids present included hyoscyamine, hyoscine, cuscohygrine, apoatropine, 3-alpha-tigloyloxytropane, 3-alpha,6-beta-ditigloyloxytropane and belladonnine. Non-alkaloid constituents included sitosterol and beta-methylesculetin (scopoletin).<ref name="chemical composition"/> |
==Common names== | ==Common names== | ||
| − | {{Common names | + | {{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Autumn Mandrake}} |
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics. | Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics. | ||
===Dravya=== | ===Dravya=== | ||
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===Rasa=== | ===Rasa=== | ||
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===Guna=== | ===Guna=== | ||
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==Habit== | ==Habit== | ||
| − | {{Habit|}} | + | {{Habit|Herbs}} |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
===Leaf=== | ===Leaf=== | ||
| − | {{Leaf|||}}<ref name="Leaf"/> | + | {{Leaf|Simple|Roundish|Alternate, rosette, entire, dentate or serrate}}<ref name="Leaf"/> |
===Flower=== | ===Flower=== | ||
| − | {{Flower|||| | + | {{Flower||15-30 cm |corolla, Violet|5|Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, accrescent, with 5 wide triangular lobes}} |
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===Other features=== | ===Other features=== | ||
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==Where to get the saplings== | ==Where to get the saplings== | ||
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==Mode of Propagation== | ==Mode of Propagation== | ||
| − | {{Propagation|}} | + | {{Propagation|root}}. |
==How to plant/cultivate== | ==How to plant/cultivate== | ||
| + | It likes a light, deep soil, as the roots run far down. They will do poorly in a soil that is chalky or excessively gravelly. If the soil is too wet in winter, the roots will rot. It is propagated from seeds which should be sown in deep flats or, better, singly in pots. These should be kept well-watered and when they reach a good size they should be carefully set out at least 2 feet apart. | ||
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> | ||
==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ||
| − | {{Commonly seen| | + | {{Commonly seen|Garden area}}. |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | <gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | ||
| + | File:Mandrake (Mandragora Autumnalis) Root.jpg | ||
| + | File:Mandragora autumnalis 003.jpg | ||
| + | File:Mandragora autumnalis - ripe fruit.jpg | ||
| + | File:Mandragora autumnalis1432.JPG | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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<references> | <references> | ||
| + | <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/ek/jackson.pdf Chemical composition]</ref> | ||
| − | <ref name=" | + | <ref name="Leaf">[http://www.flowersinisrael.com/Mandragoraautumnalis_page.htm Plant description]</ref> |
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| − | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[ | + | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.perennials.com/plants/malva-sylvestris-zebrina.html Cultivation Details]</ref> |
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</references> | </references> | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | * [ ] | + | * [http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/200201829.html Mandragora autumnalis] |
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[[Category:Herbs]] | [[Category:Herbs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:46, 2 June 2020
Mandragora autumnalis, known as mandrake or autumn mandrake, is recognized by some sources as a separate species from Mandragora officinarum, although with different circumscriptions. Others regard it as merely part of this very variable species. Plants given the name Mandragora autumnalis consist of a rosette of leaves up to 60 cm (2 ft) across, close to the ground, with a central group of usually purplish flowers followed by yellow or orange berries. The large tap-roots as well as the leaves contain alkaloids and are toxic. They have traditional uses as herbal medicines.
Contents
- 1 Uses
- 2 Parts Used
- 3 Chemical Composition
- 4 Common names
- 5 Properties
- 6 Habit
- 7 Identification
- 8 List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
- 9 Where to get the saplings
- 10 Mode of Propagation
- 11 How to plant/cultivate
- 12 Commonly seen growing in areas
- 13 Photo Gallery
- 14 References
- 15 External Links
Uses
Motion sickness, Preoperative anesthetic.
Parts Used
Chemical Composition
All species of Mandragora contain highly biologically active alkaloids, tropane alkaloids in particular. Jackson and Berry were unable to find any differences in the composition of these chemicals between Mandragora autumnalis and Mandragora officinarum (using the broader definition of M. autumnalis). Alkaloids present included hyoscyamine, hyoscine, cuscohygrine, apoatropine, 3-alpha-tigloyloxytropane, 3-alpha,6-beta-ditigloyloxytropane and belladonnine. Non-alkaloid constituents included sitosterol and beta-methylesculetin (scopoletin).[1]
Common names
| Language | Common name |
|---|---|
| Kannada | |
| Hindi | |
| Malayalam | |
| Tamil | |
| Telugu | |
| Marathi | NA |
| Gujarathi | NA |
| Punjabi | NA |
| Kashmiri | NA |
| Sanskrit | |
| English | Autumn Mandrake |
Properties
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
Dravya
Rasa
Guna
Veerya
Vipaka
Karma
Prabhava
Habit
Identification
Leaf
| Kind | Shape | Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | Roundish | Alternate, rosette, entire, dentate or serrate |
Flower
| Type | Size | Color and composition | Stamen | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-30 cm | corolla, Violet | 5 | Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, accrescent, with 5 wide triangular lobes |
Other features
List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
Where to get the saplings
Mode of Propagation
root.
How to plant/cultivate
It likes a light, deep soil, as the roots run far down. They will do poorly in a soil that is chalky or excessively gravelly. If the soil is too wet in winter, the roots will rot. It is propagated from seeds which should be sown in deep flats or, better, singly in pots. These should be kept well-watered and when they reach a good size they should be carefully set out at least 2 feet apart. [3]
Commonly seen growing in areas
Photo Gallery
_Root.jpg)
References
External Links
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Motion sickness
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Preoperative anesthetic
- Herbs with Roots used in medicine
- Herbs with common name in English
- Habit - Herbs
- Index of Plants which can be propagated by root
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Garden area
- Herbs
