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Difference between revisions of "Abelmoschus esculentus - Bhenda, ಬೆಂಡೆಕಾಯಿ, भिंडी, வெண்டி/பெண் விரல், ലേഡിഫിംഗർ, भेंडी"

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[[File:India - Koyambedu Market - Ladies Finger 03 (3986242135).jpg|thumb|right|''bhenda'', ''Abelmoschus esculentus'']]
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[[File:Abelmoschus esculentus (1).jpg|200px|thumb|right|''Bhenda'', ''Abelmoschus esculentus'']]
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Okra is an annual plant growing about 1.5 metres tall. The plant is widely cultivated in warm temperate to tropical areas for its edible seedpods. It has various other edible and medicinal uses as well as being the source of a good fibre.
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'''Abelmoschus esculentus''' is an annual plant growing about 1.5 metres tall. The plant is widely cultivated in warm temperate to tropical areas. It has various other edible and medicinal uses as well as being the source of a good fibre.
  
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
−
{{Uses|Digestive problems}}, {{Uses|Syphilis}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Boils}}, {{Uses|Dysuria}}, {{Uses|Skin problems}}, {{Uses|Ardor urinae}}, {{Uses|Gonorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Dandruff}}.
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{{Uses|Digestive problems}}, {{Uses|Syphilis}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Boils}}, {{Uses|Dysuria}}, {{Uses|Skin problems}}, {{Uses|Ardor urinae}}, {{Uses|Gonorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Dandruff}}, {{Uses|Constipation}}, {{Uses|Lower sperm count}}<ref name="Uses"/>
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<ref name="Uses"/>
 
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}
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{{Parts Used|Root}}, {{Parts Used|Fruit}}, {{Parts Used|Seed}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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The ripe fruits contain quercetin, hyperin (hyperoside), hydrolysate of precipitated mucilage, proanthocyanidins, D-glucose, D-glucuronic and galacturonic acids. Fresh flowers contain flavonol glycosides and anthocyanins. <ref name="Chemical composition"/>
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The ripe fruits contain quercetin, Hyperin (hyperoside), Hydrolysate of precipitated mucilage, Proanthocyanidins, D-glucose, D-glucuronic and Galacturonic acids. Fresh flowers contain flavonol glycosides and anthocyanins.<ref name="Chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|sa=bhenda, darvika, gandhamula, pitali, tindisha, asrapatraka, bhinda, bhindatika, kasturilatika, kshatrasambhava, pichhila, sushaka|en=Okra ladies finger|gu=|hi=bhendi, bhindi|kn=bende kaayi|ks=|ml=venda, venta, ventak-kaya|mr=benda, bhajichi-bhendi, bhendi|pa=|ta=ventai, vendai, vendaik-kay, vendaikkai|te=benda, bendakaya}}
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{{Common names|sa=Bbhenda, Darvika|en=Okra ladies Finger|hi=Bhendi, Bhindi|kn=Bendekaayi, |ml=Venda, Venta|mr=Benda, Bhajichi-bhendi|ta=Ventai, Vendai|te=Benda, Bendakaya}}<ref name="Common names"/>
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<ref name="Common names"/>
 
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Dravya===
 
===Dravya===
 
===Rasa===
 
===Rasa===
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===Guna===
 
===Guna===
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Palmately lobed, transversely orbicular, about 4-13 x 5-16 cm across, base cordate, 5-7 nerved, lobes about 3-7, ovate-oblong, ovate-triangular, with about 2-3 lobules, margins crenate-dentate, rarely entire, adpressed pubescent with stiff simple hairs both above and beneath, becoming glabrescent later, coriaceous, petiole usually longer than the leaf lamina, about 12-15 cm long, stipules filiform, sparsely hirsute, about 6-10 x 2-3 mm across. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, solitary}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Palmately lobed, transversely orbicular, about 4-13 x 5-16 cm across, base cordate, 5-7 nerved, lobes about 3-7, ovate-oblong, ovate-triangular, with about 2-3 lobules}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Axillary|Yellow|Many|pedicel slender, inarticulate, about 0.5-2 cm long, epicalyx 9-12, free, base rarely connate, segments about 1 cm long, calyx 5 lobed, base connate, valvate, membranous, stellate pubescent, about 1-2.5 x 1 cm across, corolla large, 5, yellow with dark purple or pink near the centre, obovate, densely studded with bristles, about 2-3.5 x 1-1.5 cm across. Stamens indefinite, monadelphous, forming an epipetalous staminal tube united with corolla, filament short, introrse, anthers basifixed, throughout. Ovary superior, 5 locular, ovules many, style 1, stigma discoid. }}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Axillary|Yellow|Many|Pedicel slender, inarticulate, about 0.5-2 cm long, epicalyx 9-12, free, base rarely connate, segments about 1 cm long, calyx 5 lobed|Flowering season is June-August}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Capsule|||ovoid-cylindric, apex beaked, dehiscent with longitudinal slits towards the base, densely hispid with simple hairs. Seed many, reniform or globose, about 3-5 mm across, villous or glabrous, black or dark brown.||}}
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{{Fruit|Capsule|||Ovoid-cylindric, apex beaked, dehiscent with longitudinal slits towards the base, densely hispid with simple hairs|Seed many|Fruiting season is June-August}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|}}
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
−
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Seed - sow early spring in a warm greenhouse. The seed germinates in 27 days at 15°c or 6 days at 35°c.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 +
 
 +
==Season to grow==
 +
The three main planting seasons for Okra are February-March, June-July and October-November.<ref name="Season to grow"/>
 +
 
 +
==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
 +
Adjustment of climatic factors helps in taking at least one (summer) crop in hills, two or even three (summer, kharif and late kharif) crops in the east, west and north Indian plains and almost year-round cultivation under moderate climate in south India.<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
 +
 
 +
==Kind of soil needed==
 +
Okra requires a long, warm and humid growing period.
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sub tropical area}}
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Abelmoschus esculentus feuilles.jpg|Leaves
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File:Abelmoschus esculentus Clemson Spineless kz1.jpg|Leaves
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File:Abelmoschus esculentus (1).jpg|Flower
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File:Okra flower.JPG|Flower
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File:Hong Kong Okra Aug 28 2012.jpg|Fruit
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File:Bhende (Konkani- भेंडे) (6140834994).jpg|Fruit
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File:Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruit opened.jpg|Unripe seed
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File:Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench; seeds.JPG|Seeds
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
<ref name="Photo Gallery"/>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
 
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">["chemistry"]</ref>
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<ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/abelmoschus-hibiscus-esculentus-okra-bhindi-ladies-fingers-benefits/ Uses]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">["morphology"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/228568 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/index.php/bot_search Common names]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Abelmoschus+esculentus Cultivation]</ref>
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<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[http://www.geacindia.gov.in/resource-documents/biosafety-regulations/resource-documents/Biology_of_Okra.pdf Required Ecosystem/Climate]</ref>
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<ref name="Season to grow">[http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/cultivation-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus Season to grow]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Photo Gallery">Wikimedia commons</ref>
  
−
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[ "Cultivation"]</ref>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.920, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [ ]
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* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558006-1 Abelmoschus esculentus on science.kew.org]
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* [ ]
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* [ ]
 
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Malvaceae]]

Revision as of 12:57, 26 April 2023

Bhenda, Abelmoschus esculentus

Abelmoschus esculentus is an annual plant growing about 1.5 metres tall. The plant is widely cultivated in warm temperate to tropical areas. It has various other edible and medicinal uses as well as being the source of a good fibre.

Uses

Digestive problems, Syphilis, Cuts, Wounds, Boils, Dysuria, Skin problems, Ardor urinae, Gonorrhoea, Dandruff, Constipation, Lower sperm count[1]

Parts Used

Root, Fruit, Seed[2].

Chemical Composition

The ripe fruits contain quercetin, Hyperin (hyperoside), Hydrolysate of precipitated mucilage, Proanthocyanidins, D-glucose, D-glucuronic and Galacturonic acids. Fresh flowers contain flavonol glycosides and anthocyanins.[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Bendekaayi,
Hindi Bhendi, Bhindi
Malayalam Venda, Venta
Tamil Ventai, Vendai
Telugu Benda, Bendakaya
Marathi Benda, Bhajichi-bhendi
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Bbhenda, Darvika
English Okra ladies Finger

[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate Palmately lobed, transversely orbicular, about 4-13 x 5-16 cm across, base cordate, 5-7 nerved, lobes about 3-7, ovate-oblong, ovate-triangular, with about 2-3 lobules

[5]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Axillary Yellow Many Pedicel slender, inarticulate, about 0.5-2 cm long, epicalyx 9-12, free, base rarely connate, segments about 1 cm long, calyx 5 lobed

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Capsule Ovoid-cylindric, apex beaked, dehiscent with longitudinal slits towards the base, densely hispid with simple hairs Seed many Fruiting season is June-August

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds

How to plant/cultivate

Seed - sow early spring in a warm greenhouse. The seed germinates in 27 days at 15°c or 6 days at 35°c.[6]

Season to grow

The three main planting seasons for Okra are February-March, June-July and October-November.[7]

Required Ecosystem/Climate

Adjustment of climatic factors helps in taking at least one (summer) crop in hills, two or even three (summer, kharif and late kharif) crops in the east, west and north Indian plains and almost year-round cultivation under moderate climate in south India.[8]

Kind of soil needed

Okra requires a long, warm and humid growing period.

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Sub tropical area

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Leaves

  • Flower

  • Flower

  • Fruit

  • Fruit

  • Unripe seed

  • Seeds

[9]

References

  1. ↑ Uses
  2. ↑ ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.920, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  3. ↑ Chemical composition
  4. ↑ Common names
  5. ↑ Morphology
  6. ↑ Cultivation
  7. ↑ Season to grow
  8. ↑ Required Ecosystem/Climate

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Abelmoschus_esculentus_-_Bhenda,_ಬೆಂಡೆಕಾಯಿ,_भिंडी,_வெண்டி/பெண்_விரல்,_ലേഡിഫിംഗർ,_भेंडी&oldid=57252"