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'''Ganakasika''' or '''Premna serratifolia''' is a small tree/shrub in the Verbenaceae family. It flowers and fruits between May and November. During flowering season, it attracts a large number of butterflies and bees. ==Uses=={{Uses|fevers}}, {{Uses|arthritis}}, {{Uses|colic}}, {{Uses|flatulence}}, {{Uses|coughs}}, {{Uses|headaches}}, {{Uses|backaches}}, {{Uses|neuralgi}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}} ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Ripe fruits}}. ==Chemical Composition==P-methoxy cinnamic acid, linalool, linoleic acid, β-sitosterol and flavone luteolin, iridoid glycoside, premnine, ganiarine and ganikarine, premnazole, aphelandrine, pentacyclic terpene betulin, caryophellen, premnenol, premna spirodiene, clerodendrin-A, etc., phytoconstituents in its various parts<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|opposite|Petiole 4-14 mm, slender, pubescent, grooved above}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|Greenish-white|4|Flowers Season is June - August}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Fruit a drupe, seated on the calyx, globose, purple||seeds oblong}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Found in the wild on sandy soils and limestone<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Forest regrowth}}, {{Commonly seen|Brushwood and hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Near the sea}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Agni-mantha (Sanskrit- अग्निमन्थ) (5928858017).jpg  Arani (Hindi- अरणी) (5928846965).jpg  Arani (Marathi- अरणि) (5929406812).jpg

Trees, to 7 m high. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 4–14 mm, slender, pubescent, grooved above; lamina 2.5-8.5 x 2-7.2 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, base acute, obtuse, subcordate or rounded, apex acuminate, mucronate, obtuse, margin entire or subserrate, glabrous above except along the appressed midrib, chartaceous; lateral nerves 3-5 pair, pinnate, prominent, puberulous beneath; intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, greenish-white, in terminal corymbose panicled cymes; bracts small; calyx small campanulate, 2 lipped, 5 lobed; corolla tube short, villous inside, lobes 5; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla tube; anther ovate; ovary superior, 2Bhairavi (Telugu-4-celled, ovules 4; style linear; stigma shortly bifid. Fruit a drupe, seated on the calyx, globose, purple; seeds oblongభైరవి) (5928849321).jpg

#The leaves and roots are used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, stomachic and febrifuge.<ref name="uses"/>#The root has a warm bitter taste and agreeable smell, it is prescribed in decoction as a gentle cordial and stomachic in fevers.#The leaves are used as a galactagogue, and also to treat rheumatic arthritis; colic and flatulence; coughs, headaches and fevers. The leaves,combined with those of morinda citrifolia, are squeezed into water and the solution drunk twice a day to treat severe malarial fevers.A steam bath made from the leaves and young stems is breathed in as a treatment for fevers. The cooled solution is then used to bathe the body.#The leaves are boiled into medicinal tea that is reputed to have analgesic effects. This home remedy is used mostly in the treatment of backaches. #A tea made from the boiled bark is used to treat neuralgiaHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia) 2.jpg

Munja.JPG </gallery> ==References== <references><ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623632/ "phytochemistry"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230814 "Diagnostic description"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Premna+serratifolia "Premna serratifolia-Useful Tropical PlantsCultivation Details"]</ref>

== External Links ==* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277598004_Study_on_the_chemical_constituents_of_Premna_integrifolia_L Study on the chemical constituents of Premna integrifolia L]*[https://enwww.wikipediaayurtimes.orgcom/wikiagnimantha-premna-integrifolia/Premna_serratifolia Premna serratifolia-Wikipediaon ayurtimes.com]* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880209.2017.1323225 Premna serratifolia on Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of the genus Premna]* [https://www.globalherbalsupplies.com/herb_information/agrimony.htm]* [https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/agrim015.html]