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Difference between revisions of "Elettaria cardamomum - Ela, Cardamom"

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[[File:Plant Elettaria cardamomum P1110619 03.jpg|thumb|right|''Elaichi'', ''Elettaria cardomamum'']]
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'''Elettaria cardamomum''' is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger family. It is native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina and Costa Rica.
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[[File:800px-Elettaria cardamomum flowers 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Elaichi'', ''Elettaria cardomamum'']]
 
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'''Elettaria cardamomum''', commonly known as '''green or true cardamom''', is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina and Costa Rica.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|indigestion}}, {{Uses|nausea}}, {{Uses|vomiting}}, {{Uses|pulmonary disease}}, {{Uses|stomach pain}}, {{Uses|heart burn}}, {{Uses|throat troubles}}, {{Uses|congestion of the lungs}}, {{Uses|kidney stones}}
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{{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Nausea}}, {{Uses|Vomiting}}, {{Uses|Pulmonary disease}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Heart burn}}, {{Uses|Throat troubles}}, {{Uses|Congestion of the lungs}}, {{Uses|Kidney stones}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
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{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinolene, linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-oil, a-terpineol, a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidol<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The main chemical components of cardamom oil are a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Elakki|ml=Elatarri|sa=Trutih|ta=Elam Ancha|te=Elaki|hi=Elaichi|en=Cardamom, Malabar cardamom}}
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{{Common names|kn=Elakki|ml=Elatarri|sa=Trutih|ta=Elam Ancha|te=Elaki|hi=Elaichi|en=Cardamom, Malabar cardamom}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Katu (Pungent), Madhur (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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===Veerya===
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Sheet (cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|long and sword-shaped|The underside is paler and may have a covering of tiny hairs and it is Dark green}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Long and sword-shaped|The underside is paler and may have a covering of tiny hairs and it is Dark green}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|Reach over 1 m in length|pale green|5-20|the flowers contain both male and female parts. One of the petals is white and streaked with violet}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|Reach over 1 m in length|Pale green|5-20|The flowers contain both male and female parts. One of the petals is white and streaked with violet. Flowering from April to August}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|oval-shape||Each fruit has three chambers filled with small aromatic seeds, each about 3 mm long|The fruits dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring|seeds dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring}}
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{{Fruit|Oval||Each fruit has three chambers filled with small aromatic seeds, each about 3 mm long|The fruits dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring|Seeds dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring|Fruiting from September to January}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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[[Anu Tailam]], [[Abana]], [[Amrita ballataki]], [[Aravindaasava]], [[Arimedaadi taila]], [[Avipattikara Churna]], [[Ashwagandhaadi Rasaayana]], [[Ashwagandhaadi Lehyam]], [[Ashwagandhaarishta]], [[Yelaadi Oil]], [[Yelaadi Churna]], [[Yelaadi Bati]], [[Imex]], [[Karpooraadi Bati]], [[Kalyanaka Gritham]], [[Kaayasiddi Lehyam]], [[Kumariyaasava]], [[Kesha sanjivini taila]], [[Kanchanaar Guggulu]], [[Khadiraarishta]], [[Garbhapaala rasa]], [[Gandhaka rasaayana]], [[Chandanaadi tailam]], [[Chandraprabha vati]], [[Chyavanaprash]], [[Jatiphalaadi Churnam]], [[Jeeraka Rasaayana]].
 +
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Cardamoms do not do well when exposed to draughts, sudden changes of temperature or direct sunlight<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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The planting is carried out during the rainy season commencing from June. Seedlings are to be planted upto the collar region for better growth.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|semi-tropical}}, {{Commonly seen|indoors in a heated greenhouse}}, {{Commonly seen|warm shady humid place}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Subtropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Indoors in a heated greenhouse}}, {{Commonly seen|Warm shady humid place}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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A aesthetic Cardamom.JPG|Fruits
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Ailu (Konkani- एळु) (5597877717).jpg|Whole plant
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A aesthetic Cardamom.JPG
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Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).jpg|Field
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Cardamom (এলাচ) 01.JPG|Seeds
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Cardamom Flowers and Blooms.jpg|Flower
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Ailu (Konkani- एळु) (5597877717).jpg
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Cardamom flowers.jpg|Buds
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Cardamom inflorescence and fruit IMG20170901151029.jpg|At field
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Elettaria cardamomum Maton.jpg
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Cardamom (5193854049).jpg
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Colour-&-Pattern.gif
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Elettaria cardamomum (Cardamon) tree in RDA, Bogra 01.jpg
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Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).jpg
 
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Cardamom (এলাচ) 01.JPG
 
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Cardamom 2.jpg
 
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Cardamom Flowers and Blooms.jpg
 
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Cardamom flowers.jpg
 
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Cardamom inflorescence and fruit IMG20170901151029.jpg
 
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-herbs/cardamom.html "Plant Chemicals"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/cardamom.htm Plant Chemicals]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796556-1 "Overview of leaves"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796556-1 Leaf morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-herbs/cardamom.html "Description"]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/12/26/cardamom-uses-research-home-remedies-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/crop%20info/Cardamom.htm Cultivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.125, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref></ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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* [https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Elettaria Elettaria cardomamum on herbaria plants]
 
* [https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Elettaria Elettaria cardomamum on herbaria plants]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Zingiberaceae]]

Latest revision as of 12:19, 14 April 2022

Elaichi, Elettaria cardomamum

Elettaria cardamomum is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger family. It is native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina and Costa Rica.

Uses

Indigestion, Nausea, Vomiting, Pulmonary disease, Stomachache, Heart burn, Throat troubles, Congestion of the lungs, Kidney stones[1]

Parts Used

Seeds, Fruits[1].

Chemical Composition

The main chemical components of cardamom oil are a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, a-phellandrene, limonene.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Elakki
Hindi Elaichi
Malayalam Elatarri
Tamil Elam Ancha
Telugu Elaki
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Trutih
English Cardamom, Malabar cardamom

[1]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Katu (Pungent), Madhur (Sweet)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Sheet (cold)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Long and sword-shaped The underside is paler and may have a covering of tiny hairs and it is Dark green

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Reach over 1 m in length Pale green 5-20 The flowers contain both male and female parts. One of the petals is white and streaked with violet. Flowering from April to August

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Oval Each fruit has three chambers filled with small aromatic seeds, each about 3 mm long The fruits dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring Seeds dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring Fruiting from September to January

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Anu Tailam, Abana, Amrita ballataki, Aravindaasava, Arimedaadi taila, Avipattikara Churna, Ashwagandhaadi Rasaayana, Ashwagandhaadi Lehyam, Ashwagandhaarishta, Yelaadi Oil, Yelaadi Churna, Yelaadi Bati, Imex, Karpooraadi Bati, Kalyanaka Gritham, Kaayasiddi Lehyam, Kumariyaasava, Kesha sanjivini taila, Kanchanaar Guggulu, Khadiraarishta, Garbhapaala rasa, Gandhaka rasaayana, Chandanaadi tailam, Chandraprabha vati, Chyavanaprash, Jatiphalaadi Churnam, Jeeraka Rasaayana. [4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The planting is carried out during the rainy season commencing from June. Seedlings are to be planted upto the collar region for better growth.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Subtropical area, Indoors in a heated greenhouse, Warm shady humid place.

Photo Gallery

  • Fruits

  • Whole plant

  • Field

  • Seeds

  • Flower

  • Buds

  • At field

  • Elettaria cardamomum Maton.jpg
  • Colour-&-Pattern.gif
  • Elettaria cardamomum (Cardamon) tree in RDA, Bogra 01.jpg

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.125, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru.
  2. ↑ Plant Chemicals
  3. ↑ Leaf morphology
  4. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  5. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Elettaria_cardamomum_-_Ela,_Cardamom&oldid=57044"